Water Determination by Karl Fischer

Determination of the water content of fluids, solids, pasty substances, oils, and gases by the Karl Fischer method.

Determination of the water content in fluids, solids, pasty substances, oils, and gases according to the Karl Fischer method with distinction of individual water binding forms.

 

Just water? Think again...

  • Surface water
  • Water of crystallization
  • Molecular water
  • Free water
  • Chemically bonded water
  • Water produced by thermal decomposition
  • Water has more than one face

 

The optimized heating technique employed permits oils and solids to be determined without laborious preparation. This way, contamination of the measuring cell with insoluble substances is prevented. The use of autosamplers (also for solids) saves time and thus money.

At a glance:

  • Suitable for all common Karl Fischer reagents
  • Optimally designed heating modules permit also problematic samples to be analyzed without contamination of the measuring cell
  • No external gas connector required; extraction gas routed in closed-loop system
  • Fast and complete water extraction also at low temperatures
  • Vertical arrangement of the furnace allows automation also for solid samples
  • Modular design provides extension also for headspace applications at any time
  • Comfortable software meeting the requirements of GLP and CFR and allowing linkage to Laboratory Information Management Systems
  • Customized analysis reports


But that`s not all – the Karl Fischer titrator has much more to offer:

  • Exchangeable modules
  • User-friendly software
  • Precise analysis results, even with a problematic matrix
  • Additional information on bonding strength of water


Many different accessories are available for special applications:

  • Autosampler for liquids and solids
  • Headspace module
  • Heating chamber for solids and oils
  • Fan module
  • High-temperature furnace
  • Reagent-changing module for draining the measuring cell and filling it with new Karl Fischer solution

 

 

The versatile coulometer – simple for titration

Precise titrations by direct injection
Precise determination by direct injection of sample right into the measuring cell. The Pocket Titrator KF is a Microsoft® Windows Mobile™ based, truly portable and easy to use coulometric titrator.
The microprocessor with high performance controls automatically all electrolysis adjustments.
The titration rate is adjusted automatically to current application amount to be titrated.

 

Advantages:

  • Precise and rapid
  • Compact, light-weight, robust
  • Wide range of applications
  • Internal battery operable for 8 hours
  • Water determination by Karl-Fischer-method
  • Bromine number/Bromine index
  • H2S in gases and fluids
  • SO2- and NH3-analysis

Specification:

  • Low background drift measuring cell
  • Preconfigured methods
  • “One click” measurement (user friendly pocket software)
  • AEC (automatically electrolysis controlled)
  • High precision even in low concentrations
  • Infinitely variable electrolysis current for very short analysis duration
  • Suitable for all commonly used Karl-Fischerreagents
 

The AQUA 40.00 in combination with the headspace module offers interesting methods of determining solid and pasty substances, highly viscous materials and oils.

 

The device convinces by its:

  • Samples can be filled into hermetically sealed headspace vials right after sampling
  • Closed-loop gas circulation spares additional gas drying and reduces reagent consumption
  • Combination of furnace and autosampler allow easy automation of sample feeding
  • Isothermal or temperature-programmed
  • Gentle heating procedure (almost at ambient temperature) for sensitive samples
  • Software automatically identifies the system configuration and adjusts the relevant menus
  • Software features user-defined log-in, routine methods with individually definable user levels, complete documentation and archiving of the measured data
  • Software complies with the requirements of FDA to 21 CFR Part 11
  • Stand-by titration for automatic conditioning
  • Easy determination of blank
  • Continual system check by analysis of standard prior to, during and after measuring cycle
  • Determination of express samples

 

Manual version

The AQUA 40.00 basic module is coupled with the headspace furnace. This combination is used to run single measurements. The headspace module consists of an electrically heated furnace into which the sample vials are manually placed.

Automated version

The manual version can be combined with a sample changer (30 positions). The samples can be processed in any order. Express samples can be defined individually.

Suited for wide application spectrum for example:

  • Pharmaceutical products and agents
  • Plastics (e.g., PE, PET, PA, PVC, PS)
  • Freeze-dried products (lyophilized cultures)
  • Foodstuffs
  • Mineral oils, oil products, spent motor oils

 

 

Combined with the new gas-dosing unit, the Aqua 40 Karl Fischer titrator allows selective water determination in gases, natural gas, industrial gases, acetylenes, biogas, to mention just a few.
The titrator is especially user-friendly on account of its high mobility at gas sampling points. The gas-dosing module is mounted on the basic module inside a case. The convenient gas-dosing module also allows precise and reproducible dosing of large gas volumes into the coulometric measurement cell. The module can connect an upstream pressure of up to 100 bar to the gas sampling point or gas cylinder.

 

Two purge lines also avoid condensation effects. One purge line facilitates rapid purging with measurement gas, also with larger line cross-sections, and the other allows the rotameter to be purged during breaks in measurement. Unwanted sulfurous compounds can be removed with a trap.
The specially adapted software comes equipped with a formula generator. The water content in μg/Nm³ can be output for the user upon entry of the air pressure, gas temperature and dosed gas volume.
Expansion with a headspace, oil or solid module is possible without difficulties.

 

Autosampler for solids

The autosampler is designed for 30 sample containers and contains an exchangeable sample tray, which can be purged with inert gas during operation.

Heating chamber for oils

Add-on module for the AQUA 40.00 with optimally designed oil chamber for rapid water determination in oil samples

Gas-drying module

Module for measurements in inert gas atmosphere

Autosampler for liquids

The autosampler is designed for automatic injection of liquids into the measuring cell. It has an exchangeable sample tray for 36 and 53 places.

Heating chamber for solids

The miniaturized heating chamber provides fast water desorption from the sample by means of gas extraction. By circulation of extraction gas, the system does without expensive drying.

High-temperature furnace module

The furnace module allows the sample to be heated isothermally in the range of 800° - 1300 °C.

Gas dosing module

For the dosing of large volumes of pressurized gases.

 
 

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